SS-31 elamipretide · research summary

Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Cells · 2021. Summary drawn from the study's full text. Each statement is followed by the exact sentence it comes from. This is a research summary, not medical advice.

Study type

Review article
“This review article discusses the potential candidates for AMD therapy and their known mechanisms of cytoprotection in AMD.”

Subjects

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and retinal aging
“Retinal aging, that contributes to AMD pathogenesis, is characterized by accumulation of drusen deposits, alteration in the composition of Bruch’s membrane and extracellular matrix, vascular inflammation and dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell senescence.”

Reported findings

APE/REF-1 inhibitors blocked REF-1 redox signaling and attenuated choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in vivo.
“Systemic administration of two newly discovered REF-1 inhibitors, APX2009 and APX2014, blocked REF-1 redox signaling and attenuated CNV in vivo [24].”
MRZ-99030 reduces toxic soluble amyloid-β1-42 oligomers by promoting the formation of innocuous, globular, non-β-sheet, amorphous aggregates.
“MRZ-99030 reduces the amount of toxic soluble amyloid-β1-42 oligomers by promoting the formation of innocuous, globular, non-β-sheet, amorphous aggregates of amyloid-β1-42.”
Activation of RAP1 using intravitreal injections of a cAMP analog reduced the size of CNV lesions and substantially reduced ROS levels in the RPE at CNV lesions.
“In a laser induced CNV rodent model, Li et al. demonstrated that activation of RAP1 using intravitreal injections of a cAMP analog, i.e., 8-CPT-cAMP (8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate), reduced the size of CNV lesions, decreased VEGF expression in RPE/choroid tissue, down-regulated NOX4 transcript and protein, and substantially reduced ROS levels in the RPE at CNV lesions.”

Limitations stated by the authors

The therapeutic potential of the discussed candidates awaits the outcomes of clinical trials for establishment in humans.
“In conclusion, the above-mentioned therapeutic candidates that target various aspects of AMD etiology are already either in preclinical or clinical development and will await the outcomes of the clinical trials for establishment of therapeutic potential in humans.”

Source: PubMed 34572131 · DOI 10.3390/cells10092483 · all study summaries

Subjects

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and retinal aging

“Retinal aging, that contributes to AMD pathogenesis, is characterized by accumulation of drusen deposits, alteration in the composition of Bruch’s membrane and extracellular matrix, vascular inflammation and dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell senescence.”

Reported findings

APE/REF-1 inhibitors blocked REF-1 redox signaling and attenuated choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in vivo.

“Systemic administration of two newly discovered REF-1 inhibitors, APX2009 and APX2014, blocked REF-1 redox signaling and attenuated CNV in vivo [24].”

MRZ-99030 reduces toxic soluble amyloid-β1-42 oligomers by promoting the formation of innocuous, globular, non-β-sheet, amorphous aggregates.

“MRZ-99030 reduces the amount of toxic soluble amyloid-β1-42 oligomers by promoting the formation of innocuous, globular, non-β-sheet, amorphous aggregates of amyloid-β1-42.”

Activation of RAP1 using intravitreal injections of a cAMP analog reduced the size of CNV lesions and substantially reduced ROS levels in the RPE at CNV lesions.

“In a laser induced CNV rodent model, Li et al. demonstrated that activation of RAP1 using intravitreal injections of a cAMP analog, i.e., 8-CPT-cAMP (8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate), reduced the size of CNV lesions, decreased VEGF expression in RPE/choroid tissue, down-regulated NOX4 transcript and protein, and substantially reduced ROS levels in the RPE at CNV lesions.”

Limitations stated by the authors

The therapeutic potential of the discussed candidates awaits the outcomes of clinical trials for establishment in humans.

“In conclusion, the above-mentioned therapeutic candidates that target various aspects of AMD etiology are already either in preclinical or clinical development and will await the outcomes of the clinical trials for establishment of therapeutic potential in humans.”