Copper peptide activated cascade catalysis for glucose regulation and hypoxia reversing in infected diabetic wound healing.

In vitro and in vivo preclinical study evaluating a hydrogel for diabetic wound healing

“In this study, we designed a GOX-loaded hydrogel incorporated with copper peptide (GHK-Cu) to construct a copper peptide-activated cascade catalysis system for concurrent glucose regulation and hypoxia reversing.”

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), RAW264.7 macrophages, MRSA bacteria, and male ICR diabetic mice

“HUVECs and RAW264.7 cells were plated in 96-well plates at 5 × 104 cells/well (100 μL medium) and cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 24 h.”

Five mice per experimental group with at least three independent replicate experiments

“All experimental studies were conducted with at least three independent replicate experiments, and the final results were presented in the form of 'mean ± standard deviation'.”

14 days for in vivo wound healing treatment

“As illustrated in Fig. 5A, wound treatments were administered over a 14 day period.”

The hydrogel increased tissue oxygen partial pressure by 113.92% in diabetic wounds

“After Gel@GHK-Cu/GOX hydrogel treatment, the tissue pO2 reached 26.89 mmHg, an increase of 113.92%.”

The hydrogel achieved a 94.51% antibacterial rate against MRSA on day 14

“Its antibacterial rate was as high as 94.51 ± 1.02% on Day 14, reflecting durable antibacterial performance.”

The hydrogel promoted macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype

“These results confirm that Gel@GHK-Cu/GOX effectively promotes macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.”