A complementary amino acid formulation enhances exercise-induced skeletal muscle remodeling during resistance training.

Preclinical animal study investigating the effects of a five-amino-acid formulation during resistance training.

“Using a mouse model of resistance training, we investigated whether supplementation with this formulation enhances skeletal muscle quality in a dose-dependent manner by improving muscle function, muscle morphology, and molecular adaptations associated with skeletal muscle remodeling.”

Male C57BL/6N mice aged 12 weeks at the start of the experiment.

“Male C57BL/6N mice, aged six weeks, were purchased from Orient Bio Inc. (Seongnam, Republic of Korea) and acclimated to the laboratory environment until 12 weeks of age before the start of the experiment.”

Eight experimental groups with 6 to 10 mice per group.

“Values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 8-10 per group).”

Four weeks of resistance training with daily oral supplementation.

“The intervention lasted for four weeks.”

Supplementation enhanced anabolic signaling, mitochondrial protein expression, and the NAD+/NADH ratio.

“It also enhanced AKT-related signaling and increased the expression of PGC-1α, citrate synthase, and UCP3.”

The formulation reduced circulating TNF-α and increased total and reduced glutathione levels.

“The formulation reduced circulating TNF-α at a dose of 1,200 mg/kg, produced a dose-related decrease in CKM that approached statistical significance at 1,500 mg/kg, and most prominently increased total and reduced glutathione levels at 900 mg/kg.”

Individual contributions of amino acids could not be determined, and direct measures of protein synthesis or mitochondrial capacity were not performed.

“First, because the present study evaluated a multi-component amino acid formulation, individual contribution of each constituent amino acid and potential interactions among the components could not be determined.”